How Pre Kindergarten Programs Increase Literacy And...

Title How Pre-Kindergarten Programs Increase Literacy and Prepare Children for Kindergarten Justina Jefferson Walden University Tools for Doctoral Research (EDDD - 8003 - 2) Background/Introduction The problem that I would like to address is how pre-kindergarten programs increase literacy and prepare children for kindergarten. Researching this problem will allow me to explore early literacy programs and how they implement literacy programs that facilitate the development of literacy skills among children in high poverty areas. Children living in poverty are more likely to experience stress and have less access to early learning experiences than affluent children. (Mead, 2015) On average, children from low income†¦show more content†¦Evidence from Research that this Problem is Meaningful Studies have shown that rigorous pre-kindergarten literacy interventions can result in positive bearings from kindergarten through adulthood (Campbell, Ramey, Pungello, Sparling, Miller-Johnson, 2002; Heckman, Moon, Pinto, Savelyev, Yavitz, 2010; Reynolds, Temple, White, Ou, Robertson, 2011). Because a child’s cognitive skills are easily molded at a young age, literacy in their early years lays a strong foundation for future academic success. Overall, attending pre-kindergarten programs increases students’ opportunities of reaching their reading level by 11 percent. (Lesnick, 2010) Children who have extensive exposure to vocabulary and reading in early years have proven to have higher levels of success through elementary and middle school as well. (Duncan et al., 2007; McClelland, Acock, Morrison, 2006; National Early Literacy Panel, 2008). Being able to read and write to think clearly and to communicate effectively is crucial to success in school, as well as in life. Research showed that from birth to age 8 literacy development is crucial. Exposure to oral and written language and through utilization of prior knowledge and language experiences encourages successful literacy development. Using play, print, and oral language children learn the significance of reading and writing. Research taking place in several states across the United States have also recognized great gainsShow MoreRelatedEducation Is Too Structured And Hinders Children Creativity Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesAbout 4 million children enter kindergarten in the United States each year (Duncan 2015). However, preschool attendance has been a controversial topic for over fifty years. Advocates argue preschool provides children with a foundation to excel upon entering kindergarten. According to Kathleen McCartney, PhD, Dean of Harvard School of Education, preschool exposes children to numbers, letters, and shapes. In addition, children learn how to socialize – get along with other children, and they alsoRead MoreThe North Carolina Pre K Program Requirements1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe North Carolina Pre-Kindergarten Program, formerly known as More at Four, is geared towards bettering the lives for At-Risk 4-year-old children. Exposing children to an early learning experience that w ill promote a positive learning environment to ensure Kindergarten readiness is what drives the program. Upon arrival, each child is screened using the Brigance 4-year-old tool to assess and determine the child’s developmental skills and abilities. According to the text, â€Å"Classroom tests and assessmentsRead MoreComparative Analysis of the Purpose of8067 Words   |  33 Pagesof the Purpose of Kindergarten in Finland and Ontario, Canada The theories of Friedrich Froebel, the founder of kindergarten have influenced kindergartens in several regions including in Finland and Ontario, Canada. The kindergarten program in Finland is one of envy as it contributes the nation’s successful educational system. Kindergarten in Finland is a free service available to all children, which is similar to Ontario, Canada’s program which is also free to children in the province. TheRead MoreEssay about Expanding Writing Instruction to Support Student Achievement1808 Words   |  8 Pagesthe best way to teach writing. Year after year, Kindergarten teachers in our district report that the incoming students need higher level writing skills. They believe that having these skills promote higher scores on the Kindergarten Readiness Assessment for Literacy (KRA-L), which is taken before officially starting Kindergarten. According to the Office of Early Learning and School Readiness, â€Å"Children are prepared for the kind ergarten literacy expectations as measured by the KRA-L when the earlyRead MorePre K For All By Mayor De Blasio Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesPre-K for All was initiated by Mayor de Blasio of New York City which started in January of 2014. During the NYC Mayoral election race of 2013, Bill de Blasio campaigned on a platform of closing the divides of racial and economic inequality. His foremost initiative was to expand access to free, full day, Pre-K to all 4-year-old New York City children under New York’s Universal Pre-K program. His goal was to increase the number of free full day program seats from the 19,287, in 2013-2014, to 53Read MoreKindergarten Curriculum6037 Words   |  25 Pages K to 12 Curriculum Guide KINDERGARTEN January 31, 2012 K TO 12 – KINDERGARTEN I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"The first years of life are important because what happens in early childhood can matter in a lifetime.† (Harvard, 2009) The Department of Education (DepEd) having been a strong advocate of early childhood education has implemented various programs for preschoolers for decades now. The Department further strengthens this through the inclusion of kindergarten in the K to 12 basic educationRead MorePreschool Programs And The Universal Preschool2914 Words   |  12 PagesPreschool programs are designed specifically to make sure that children are ready for kindergarten and will be able to succeed in school by third grade. All preschool programs have three characteristics in common. They are governed by high program standards, are open to 3 and 4 year–olds, and focus on school readiness. The term universal preschool means that preschool programs are available to any child in a given state, regardless of family income, children’s abilities, or a ny other factors (Colker)Read More Whole Language versus Phonics Essays2286 Words   |  10 Pagesis the best way to teach kindergarten children the proper way to speak and learn the English Language? There are many valid reasons why experts argue for both phonics and/or whole language. Both seem to be exceptional ways to master the English Language. The purpose of this research paper is to compare phonics versus whole language and to determine how technology can support each approach. The history of the use of phonics dates back to the 1700’s. Backs then, children were taught to read throughRead MorePreschool Is An Imperative And Fundamental Stage Of Learning3059 Words   |  13 Pagesthe focus of much discussion and controversy statewide. In years past, preschools were ordinarily used as a day care and/or a place where children could go to socialize. However, today, young children are expected to have a considerably high amount of knowledge prior to reaching Kindergarten. This reveals why preschool, learning daycares, childcare, and programs such as Head Start have undoubtedly become quite popular over recent years. Tools of the Mind defines early childhood â€Å"as occurring beforeRead MoreEarly Childhood Literacy Proposal3552 Words   |  15 PagesEarly Childhood Literacy LaTonya Grady EDU 626 Introductions to Research and Methodology Dr. Paula Zobisch July 30, 2012 Abstract Research on early childhood literacy pinpoints the early childhood years as the foundational base period for developing the language and literacy skills that are fundamental to a young child’s long term developmental success in reading and writing. This study places theoretical attention on the essential components of literacy that promote and predict the essential emergent

A Comparison of Tragedy in Hamlet, The Book of Job, and...

Interpretations of Tragedy in Hamlet, The Book of Job, and Oedipus Rex For ages, man has pondered upon the roots of destiny. Is the outcome of a mans life determined by human qualities and failings, the meddling of a divine power, or simple fate? Shakespeares Hamlet made the argument that tragedy is caused by human folly. The idea that divine intervention is at the root of human suffering is put forth in the Book of Job. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate is given as the root of mans suffering. Three divergent perspectives on the origins of calamity exist within the tragedies Hamlet, Job, and Oedipus Rex. Shakespeares Hamlet enforced the idea that Human suffering is a result of human faults. Hamlet possesses extreme†¦show more content†¦While looking at the corpse, Hamlet said, You poor, reckless, meddling fool, goodbye! / I thought you were the King (Hamlet III.iv.30-31). This act of carelessness led to Poloniuss son, Laertes, to challenge Hamlet to a duel. This duel led to Hamlets death as well as the death of his mother. Hamlets own faults led to his doom, but the faults of others also contributed to Hamlets fate. When Claudius killed Hamlets father, the revenge tragedy was set into motion. Without this singular act of evil, there would be no conflict. Hamlet would have lived a good, peaceful life. The character Polonius had faults that also led to the downfall of Hamlet. When Hamlet heard Polonius behind the curtain he said, What is this? A rat (Hamlet III.iv.24). In a sense Hamlet was correct. Polonius was a rat... an insignificant, conniving creature. In the course of his meddling, Polonius was stabbed to death by the confused Hamlet. Polonius death lead to the duel that took Hamlets life and the life of his beloved mother. Shakespeares Hamlet puts forth the notion that human folly is responsible for human misery, but the Book of Job suggests that God is at the center of a mans misfortune. Job was an upright man, without sin or fault. He was Gods favored, and because of this, was granted wealth a nd progeny beyond the dreams of most mortal men. The story shows how our fate can be quickly turned by the whim of the Almighty.Show MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSuzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One

A Glimpse Into the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Free Essays

A Glimpse into The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Marie Edmund ENG 125: Introduction to Literature Nathan Pritts February 11, 2013 A Glimpse into The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Literature can be found at every turn and there are many different genres to choose from. Each brings with it a new world for the reader to immerse himself. Literature allows the reader to experience a new perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on A Glimpse Into the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin or any similar topic only for you Order Now It allows the reader to feel and connect with the story and its characters. No matter the genre, the world created in a literary work provides enlightenment to the reader in spite of the varying emotions it conveys. One such literary work is Kate Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. This short story captured my interest through its use of irony. In studying this specific work, I chose to use a reader-response approach to evaluate and analyze the text. Using a reader-response approach allows me to connect with the story and reflect on the wide array of emotions presented in the story. In order to connect I had to read imaginatively and immerse myself in the story and put myself in the shoes of the main character, Mrs. Mallard. Once that was taken care of I had to consider or analyze what I had read, and then draw conclusions or interpret what I had read. In short, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is about a woman who experiences a multitude of conflicting feelings at the news of her husband’s death due to a tragic train accident. Some of the feelings Mrs. Mallard experiences in this story are grief, exhaustion, fear, joy, and freedom. It is interesting to note that many of Chopin’s literary works represent women who are struggling to be free or to have independence of self. Also noteworthy is the fact that Chopin’s father died in a train accident and Chopin herself â€Å"†¦grew up surrounded by smart, independent, single women† (Wyatt, 1995, para. 2). It is no wonder that she portrays Mrs. Mallard as a strong, independent woman, in spite of her heart trouble. At the onset of the story, one might have the opinion that Mrs. Mallard is weak because of her heart trouble and the â€Å"great care† that is taken in relaying the news of her husband’s death. However, it is quite the opposite. Initially she is distraught; stricken with grief and exhausted. But these feelings give way to something more. Using simile, the writer paints a clear picture of a new beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air† (Clugston, 2010). These thoughts of a new beginning brought with it fear for Mrs. Mallard. She was fearful of what she was feeling which could be described as joy or anticipation. Not wanting to seem heartless, in my opinion, she â€Å"beat it back with her will†, to no avail. She was finally free. Free to â€Å"live for herself† and to only think of her needs. This desire for freedom and self seems to be a running theme in many of Chopin’s literary works and can be seen in the character, Edna Pontellier, when she stands naked on the beach at Grand Isle. In a review by Lewis P. Simpson (1971), he quotes Seyersted who says that Edna â€Å"symbolizes a victory of self-knowledge and authenticity as she becomes fully herself. † I believe that this depicts Mrs. Mallard as well. Mrs. Mallard knew that her husband loved her and because of that she would still feel sorrow and grief, but she would also feel relief. Relief because she knew she had the rest of her life ahead of her to live it as she pleased. Unfortunately for her, that relief was short-lived when in an ironic twist, her husband, Brently Mallard walked in the front door alive and well and Mrs. Mallard died. There are many different genres of literature but in particular I really enjoyed Chopin’s short story The Story of an Hour. The textbook tells us, â€Å"Literature restores the past, stimulates the imagination, glorifies the commonplace, evokes emotions and links feeling to thinking, upholds a vision of the ideal, and explores significant human questions and reveals human nature (Clugston, 2010). This rings true for this piece of literature. It brought together elements of imagination, symbolism, and metaphors that paint a vivid picture of a woman who feels repressed in her marriage and embraces the freedom she feels at the news of her husband’s death. This piece allowed me to experience a new perspective. It allowed me to feel and connect with the story and its characters. It created a world that I could immerse myself into. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/sections/sec2. 3 Kate Chopin: A Critical Biography by Per Seyersted; The Complete Works of Kate Chopin by Per Seyersted; Kate Chopin Review by: Lewis P. Simpson Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association , Vol. 12, No. 1 (Winter, 1971), pp. 86-88 Published by: Louisiana Historical Association Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/4231171 Wyatt, N. (1995). Biography of Kate Chopin. Retrieved from http://www. vcu. edu/engweb/webtexts/hour/katebio. html How to cite A Glimpse Into the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, Essay examples

How were some sonnets used to express different views on love Essay Example For Students

How were some sonnets used to express different views on love Essay For hundreds of years poets have used the sonnet to express their feelings, usually placing emphasis on the theme of courtly love. It is estimated that the earliest sonnets date from around 1200 AD, and they were probably sung as expressions of romantic love in Italian courtyards. As the sonnet moved from country to country different poets attempted to ‘make it their own’, causing the variation of sonnets we are now familiar with; namely the Petrarchan, Shakespearean and Spenserian sonnet. One of the most acclaimed sonneteers is Shakespeare, who wrote one hundred and fifty-four sonnets that were published between 1599 and 1609. From these many sonnets the one Shakespeare is most remembered for is Sonnet 18, sometimes referred to as ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day’ due to the opening line. The sonnet is in keeping with the traditional views of courtly love, where the man tried to win over the woman in whichever way he could, being described as a ‘highly conventionalised code of conduct for lovers’. This sonnet takes the form of a Shakespearean sonnet the first of which were composed by Sir Thomas Wyat (1503-1542) and Henry Howard (1517-1547) – written in iambic pentameter, containing three four-line quatrains with a strict rhyme scheme and an ending rhyming couplet. Shakespeare uses this strict form to express his love, allowing the reader to focus more on his words and message than the structure. The sonnet starts off with the question, ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ which Shakespeare then goes on to answer in great detail. The first two quatrains show us the flaws of summer, saying its ‘lease hath all too short a date’, and also stating that ‘Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May’. Throughout the sonnet Shakespeare uses many of the images and language commonly associated with courtly love. Exaggeration is used continuously, alongside imagery, to help us fully comprehend the love that Shakespeare is trying to express. Phrases such as ‘his gold complexion dimm’d’ and ‘eye of heaven’ use personification, helping us to clearly see the image that Shakespeare was trying to create through this sonnet. Another example of personification can be seen in the third quatrain where death is made into a proper noun in the line ‘Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade’, making it seem like Shakespeare’s lover is so great they can, in fact, cheat death. Despite these few techniques, the language in the sonnet is actually very straightforward, with limited alliteration and assonance, helping Shakespeare get his views across in a simple way that the readers, then and now, would understand. The point of Shakespeare wanting this poem to be accessible for everyone can be explained in the final two lines of the poem, ‘So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee.’ Here, Shakespeare tells us that as long as people can read this poem his lover will live on. Shakespeare’s views of true love can also be seen in Sonnet 116. In this poem the character of death is also personified, ‘Within his bending sickle’s compass come’, saying that this time it’s not just the person that Shakespeare is writing about that can cheat death, but love itself. The sonnet, also sticking to the common Shakespearean form, has a constant theme throughout – what is true love? The strength and continuity of love is stressed. First we are told what love is not; ‘Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds, or bends with the remover to remove’. The sonnet then goes on to tell us what love is. Although some familiar imagery is used, such as ‘rosy lips and cheeks’, Shakespeare also uses a maritime theme, which wasn’t commonly used in sonnets. He using a metaphor, describing love as both a lighthouse and the North Star in the second quatrain, saying it is ‘an ever-fixed nark†¦it is the star to every wandering bark’. American Poet Essay ConclusionImages are created throughout with metaphors and similes such as ‘for they are lyke but vnto golden hookes, that from the foolish fish thyr bayts doe hyde’; here, alliteration is used to help create the image of men being innocent but foolish. Graphic images like ‘her bloody hands them sly’, which seem to be made even more shocking by the bitter, exaggerated tone used, acting as a warning to men, telling them to not be deceived by women. It seems as though Spenser had been rejected by someone he loves, probably more than just once, and is using this experience as his inspiration for the poem. The motives behind Lodge’s Sonnet XLVII may have been anger and bitterness; however The Cross of Snow by Longfellow was inspired by something completely different. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) was one of many American sonneteers. Sonnets were introduced later to America than Europe, with the first being written by the Revolutionary War general David Humphreys in the last quarter of the eighteenth century (however, they weren’t published until 1804). It is a Petrarchan sonnet with an octave and sestet and was written eighteen years after the tragic death of Longfellow’s wife who died after her dress caught fire. It is possible that Longfellow chose the traditional form of the Petrarchan sonnet as it is timeless and unchanging, as he later says his love for his wife is. The two main inspirations in the poem that we can see are the photograph of his wife, ‘A gentle face – the face of one long dead – looks at me from the wall’, and the photograph of the Mountain of the Holy Cross, a mountain in the Rockies where the snow-filled crevices made the image of a white cross that could be seen all year round from many miles away. The suffering that Longfellow feels his wife went through is shown to us in how he describes her as a martyr, saying ‘Never through Martyrdom of fire was led to its repose’. This description might help us to understand how it took him eighteen years to write a poem about the death of his wife. Longfellow uses the metaphor of ‘a halo of pale light’ to create an angelic, pure and innocent image of his wife, which is then reinforced with the repetition of the word white. The image of the Mountain of the Holy Cross is also used as a metaphor in two ways. The cross is used to represent the suffering and burden he has carried since his wife dies, and it is also used to say ‘through all the changing scenes and seasons, changeless since the day she dies’, showing us that Longfellow’s love for his wife remains unchanged. This collection of sonnets shows us how different sonneteers have used the strict form of the sonnet to express their feelings of love; whether it be through a simple love poem such as Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and 116 and Lodge’s Sonnet 22, a way of mocking false love as Shakespeare did in Sonnet 130, a warning to other men as in Spenser’s Sonnet XLVII or even as a way of expressing your grief at the loss of a loved one, as Longfellow did in The Cross of Snow. At the time these sonnets were written, the poems were very much expected to be used in courtship, so it would have been extremely surprising to see Shakespeare and Spenser using it differently, and even Longfellow to a certain extent. Despite these sonnets being from so long ago we can still relate to them; after all, are they really so different to the love songs we hear sung today? The language used in the sonnets, the metaphors, similes and imagery, along with the idea of courtly love itself have clearly stood the test of time, and are just as much a part of today’s society as society in the sixteenth century.